中国学问需回到体践之学
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">台湾学者薛仁明</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"> <span lang="EN-US">2012</span></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">09</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">28</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">日来源：文学报 </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">记者</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">何晶</span><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 130%;"> </span></p><p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">十余天的大陆之行</span><span lang="EN-US">……</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">所见所闻，多有感触。其中之最，则是，大陆的读书人，实在太不快乐了。</span><span lang="EN-US">……</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">读书人的郁结忧深，两岸皆然</span><span lang="EN-US">……</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">但相较说来，大陆的读书人，除了忧郁干枯，普遍是更急躁，也更容易激愤。知识分子才相聚一堂，动辄开骂，个个义愤填膺</span><span lang="EN-US">……</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">我看到许多知识分子一张张的脸，躁、怒、愤、戾，全然全然，都是纠结。</span><span lang="EN-US">”2011</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">年，台湾学者薛仁明因为《孔子随喜》一书的出版在大陆走了一圈，回去后他发表了一篇名为《我读大陆读书人的脸》的随想，写了如上一段感触，一时间引起了许多人的反弹。近日，他在大陆进行巡回演讲时，再次提及这个话题，他坦言，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">躁郁</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">已不仅是大陆读书人的独有状态，而成为了这个时代整体读书人的通病。</span> </p>
<p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么今天的读书人，越来越处于一种躁郁状态，一不小心就会躁郁起来？薛仁明认为，其中的一个原因就在于</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个时代我们离</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">乐</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">越来越远</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">乐</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是儒家六艺之一，虽然说起来是音乐，但它却包含着所有的美感，而读书人离</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">乐</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">越来越远，也就离美感越来越远，以至于我们整个民族的美感消失掉了。</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">我们总在谈民族的创造力、文化的自信心，要建立起这些，就在于让我们的美感恢复，只要我们找到美感，我们的民族文化自然也就恢复了。</span><span lang="EN-US">” </span></p>
<p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">但是，美感的恢复并不容易。</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中国的学问讲究</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">格物致知</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，而今天的学问已经跳过了</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">，直接</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">致知</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">了</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">，而</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">正是得到美感的必要途径，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">所谓</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，就是你直接去面对、感觉一个事物，这样就产生了一种直觉性的感受，这种感受就是对美感的体认</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，因为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">美感不是用分析的，也没有理论，而是直接去感觉的</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的目的在于感受，而有了感受再来谈知识谈理论，学问才有了一种保证，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如果没有感受、没有</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的基础，越来越多的</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">致知</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">会形成一种负担，面对越来越严密的理论结构时你会喘不过气来</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">。而正是读书人越来躁郁的关键所在，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">花了太多的时间在思考，在推理，在判断，活在抽象的概念里，结果你读书读得越多，异化得就越快</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span> </p>
<p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">但是，今天的教育中</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">缺失了，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">现在的教育经常是视而不见、听而不闻的</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。薛仁明提到自己当老师时的感受，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">我在去学校的途中看到什么花开了、哪些树绿了，就会到班里问我的学生有什么感受，但他们往往没有回应</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">学生们对身边的景色、声音没有感知，进驻不到他们的心里</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">。在他看来，这正是当下教育中一个严重问题，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">我们的学习必须是全面的，视觉、嗅觉、听觉等这所有的感觉都要加入进来，当所有这一切调动起来，你才能真正地</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">，才会对事物没有隔阂地了解、感知</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">知识不是坏事，但是知识应该建立在格物的基础上</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">中国今天的教育受到西方的一系列影响，过于强调概念系统，并不是说这样的系统不好，但是这样的系统应该建立在</span><span lang="EN-US"> ‘</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">格物</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">的基础上，这样才能化为己用。</span><span lang="EN-US">” </span></p>
<p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">中国的学问要有自己的讲法，这个讲法要回到体验实践之学</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">，薛仁明认为，中国学问应当回归到自身的传统。</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">西方哲学是在比较脱离的环境下衍生出来的思辨、思考，但中国的学问却是实践之学，孔子周游列国、四处奔走，几次遇到生命危险，他的学问怎么会是那种静静地思考、逻辑推论而来的呢？他的学问恰恰是面对各种人生体验才提出的新鲜想法。</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">在薛仁明看来，读书的目的在于自身的生命修行，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">古之学者为己，今之学者为人，我读的所有东西、做的所有学问，是对我自己的生命有作用的，这个作用就是让自己明朗、愉悦</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，修己然后才能影响他人。</span> </p>
<p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">也正因为此，薛仁明十分不解，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一些国学大师在电视上讲论语、讲庄子将其通俗化作为大众的心灵鸡汤，但背后却盛气凌人、颐指气使</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，在他看来，做学问最坏的情况就是，为人与学问相距甚远，甚至完全不相干。他强调回到体践之学，讲究</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">感觉</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">踏实</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">我自己做到几分，就说几分</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">，感觉具体而微的平凡事物带来的乐趣，不追求看似</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">伟大</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的理想。</span></p>
页:
[1]